Jonathan Balcombe, Ph.D. (ethology), is former Director of Animal Sentience with the Humane Society Institute for Science and Policy, and a founding editor of the open-access online journal Animal Sentience. He has published more than 65 peer-reviewed articles and book chapters. His seven books include What a Fish Knows, (a New York Times bestseller available in 17 languages), Super Fly (winner of the National Outdoor Book Award), Second Nature, and Pleasurable Kingdom. His first children’s book, Jake and Ava: A Boy and a Fish, tells two convergent tales that coalesce as a lesson in empathy. His next book, which explores cooperation and joy in the wild, is scheduled for release by William Morrow in early 2027. He has appeared in documentary films including Seaspiracy, and Aquariums: The Dark Hobby. He has been a guest on Fresh Air with Terry Gross, the BBC, and the National Geographic Channel, and is a contributor of features and opinions in The New York Times, The Washington Post, The Wall Street Journal, Nature, and many others.